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- <text id=93CT1939>
- <title>
- The United Nations:Agencies
- </title>
- <history>
- Compact ALMANAC--World Organizations
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>CIA World Factbook</source>
- <hdr>
- The United Nations
- Agencies
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>THE UN FAMILY
- </p>
- <p>In addition to the 6 principal UN organs, the UN family includes
- nearly 30 major programs or agencies. Some were in existence
- before the UN was created and are related to it by agreement. Others
- were established by the General Assembly. Each specialized agency
- provides expertise in a specific area. Some of the important
- agencies are discussed below.
- </p>
- <p>International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Headquartered
- in Vienna, Austria, the IAEA seeks both to promote the peaceful
- application of nuclear energy and to inhibit its use for military
- purposes. The IAEA's programs encourage the development and
- transfer of the peaceful application of nuclear technology, provide
- international safeguards against its misuse, facilitate the
- application of safety measures in its use, and help to ensure the
- environmentally safe disposal of nuclear waste.
- </p>
- <p>International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).
- Headquartered in Montreal, Canada, ICAO develops the principles and
- techniques of international air navigation and fosters the planning
- and development of international air transport to ensure safe and
- orderly growth. The ICAO Council adopts standards and
- recommended practices concerning air navigation, prevention of
- unlawful interference, and facilitation of border-crossing
- procedures for international civil aviation. Currently, the United
- States is actively involved in the adoption and bringing into force of
- an ICAO-sponsored multilateral convention to ensure that
- manufacturers of plastic explosives insert chemical additives to
- make the explosives detectable by screening devices at airports.
- </p>
- <p>International Labor Organization (ILO). Headquartered in
- Geneva, Switzerland, ILO is unique among international
- organizations because of its tripartite character: National
- delegations consist of representatives from government,
- management, and labor. US delegations are comprised of
- representatives from the federal government, the AFL-CIO, and the
- US Council for International Business. ILO seeks to strengthen
- worker rights, improve working and living conditions, create
- employment, and provide information and training opportunities. ILO
- programs of direct benefit to the United States include the
- occupational safety and health-hazard-alert system and the labor
- standards and human rights programs.
- </p>
- <p>International Maritime Organization (IMO). Headquartered
- in London, England, IMO promotes cooperation among governments
- and the shipping industry to improve maritime safety and to prevent
- marine pollution. A significant IMO accomplishment was the
- adoption in 1986 of a set of measures, drafted by the United States
- following the 1985 hijacking of the Achille Lauro, to protect
- passengers and crews on board ships. IMO has also played a major
- role in coordinating global response to major oil spills. In November
- 1990, in reaction to the Exxon Valdez oil spill and in response to the
- 1989 Group of Seven economic summit in Paris, a new international
- convention on oil pollution preparedness and response was
- completed and opened for signature.
- </p>
- <p>Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR).
- Headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, UNHCR protects and supports
- refugees at the request of a government or the UN and assists in
- their return or resettlement. UNHCR was awarded the Nobel Peace
- Prize in 1954 and 1982.
- </p>
- <p>
- UN Children's Fund (UNICEF).
- Headquartered in New York City, UNICEF is headed by a US executive
- director and provides long-term humanitarian and developmental
- assistance to children and mothers in developing countries. A
- voluntarily funded agency, UNICEF relies on contributions from
- governments and private donors. Its programs emphasize developing
- community-level services to promote the health and well-being of
- children. UNICEF was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1965. In
- September 1990, it hosted a World Summit for Children to address
- problems and opportunities for children and to rally the political
- will and resources to meet their needs. President Bush headed the
- US delegation.
- </p>
- <p>UN Development Program (UNDP). Headquartered in New
- York City, UNDP has a US administrator and is the largest
- multilateral source of grant technical assistance in the world.
- Voluntarily funded, it provides expert advice, training, and limited
- equipment to developing countries, with increasing emphasis on
- assistance to the poorest countries.
- </p>
- <p>UN Environmental Program (UNEP). Headquartered in
- Nairobi, Kenya, UNEP leads and coordinates UN environmental
- activities, calling attention to global and regional environmental
- problems and stimulating programs to address the problems. UNEP
- assists developing countries in implementing environmentally sound
- development policies and has produced a worldwide environmental
- monitoring system to standardize international data. UNEP also has
- developed guidelines and treaties on issues such as the international
- transport of potentially harmful chemicals, trans-boundary air
- pollution, and contamination of international waterways.
- </p>
- <p>UNEP is implementing two important new agreements aimed at
- protecting the earth's ozone layer. The United States helped
- establish, through UNEP and the World Meteorological Organization,
- the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which
- provides a forum to analyze the climate changes in the atmosphere
- resulting from natural and man-made chemicals (the so-called
- greenhouse effect).
- </p>
- <p>World Food Program (WFP). Headquartered in Rome, Italy,
- the WFP distributes food commodities to support development
- projects, for protracted refugee and displaced persons projects, and
- as emergency food assistance in situations of natural and manmade
- disasters. Development projects, traditionally about two-thirds of
- WFP programs, now constitute about 55%, as emergency and
- protracted refugee situations worldwide result in increasing
- demands for WFP programs and resources. WFP operates exclusively
- from voluntary contributions of both commodities and cash donated
- by governments.
- </p>
- <p>World Health Organization (WHO). Headquartered in Geneva,
- Switzerland, WHO acts as a coordinating authority on international
- public health. After years of fighting smallpox, WHO declared in
- 1979 that the disease had been eradicated. It is nearing success in
- developing vaccines against malaria and schistosomiasis and aims
- to eradicate polio by the year 2000. WHO also is coordinating global
- research into the causes, cures, and potential vaccines against
- acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Overall, the agency is
- working toward the goal of "health for all by the year 2000" by
- seeking a level of health for all the world's people that will enable
- them to lead productive lives.
- </p>
- <p> The UN is composed of six principal organs and numerous
- subordinate agencies and bodies as follows:
- </p>
- <p>1) Secretariat
- </p>
- <p>2) General Assembly:
- </p>
- <p>3) Security Council:
- </p>
- <p>4) Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC):
- </p>
- <p>5) Trusteeship Council
- </p>
- <p>6) International Court of Justice (ICJ)
- </p>
- <p>Source: "The World Factbook 1993," Central Intelligence Agency,
- Washington, DC.
- </p>
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
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